How to Use Liquid Medicines for Children

Many children's medicines come in liquid form. Liquid medicines are easier for children to swallow than pills, but they can be trickier to measure correctly. Here are tips to help you make sure your child gets the amount they need.

Types of liquid medicines

There are 2 types of liquid medicines available for children:

• Medicines you can buy without a doctor's prescription (called over-the-counter or OTC).

• Medicines a doctor prescribes.

When giving OTC medicines:

• First, read the label. All OTC medicines have the same kind of label. The label gives important information about the medicine. It says what it is for, how to use it, what is in it and what to watch out for. Look on the box or bottle, where it says "Drug Facts."

• Check the chart on the label to see how much medicine to give. If you know your child's weight, use that first. Remember that your child's weight in kilograms is different from your child's weight in pounds (lbs). See the table below for examples of how kilograms and pounds differ from each other:
  

• If you do not know your child's weight, go by age.
  
  
• Check the label to make sure it is safe for infants and children younger than 6 years. Pay careful attention when the label says, "Do Not Use." If you are not sure, ask your child's doctor.
  
  
• Use a dosing tool that has measurement markings on it. The markings help you measure out the right amount of medicine. Dosing tools include oral syringes, dosing spoons, droppers and dosing cups. Always keep the dosing tool with the bottle of medicine. If a dosing tool is not included with your medicine bottle, ask your pharmacist or doctor for one.

When giving prescription medicines:

• If your child's doctor prescribes a liquid medicine, it will have a different label than OTC medicines. Always read the label before you give the medicine to your child.

• Like with OTC medicines, always use the dosing tool (like an oral syringe) that comes with the medicine (or that your doctor or pharmacist tells you to use). If a dosing tool is not provided with the medicine, ask the pharmacist or doctor to give you one.

• With OTC or prescription medicines, be sure to contact your child's doctor or pharmacist if you have questions like:

• How much medicine should I give?

• How often should I give the medicine?

• How long should I give the medicine for?
  

• Where should I keep the medicine?

• How should I get rid of leftover medicine?
  

Different strengths of infant & children's medicines

Some medicines may come in different infant and children's strengths (concentrations). The infant medicine may be stronger than the children's medicine. Pay close attention to avoid the mistake of giving higher doses of infant medicine to your child, thinking that it is not as strong. You want to be sure the medicine you give your child is right for their weight and age.

How to give liquid medicines to your child

How to measure liquid medicines

• Use the dropper, syringe, medicine cup or dosing spoon that comes with the medicine. If the medicine does not come with a dosing tool, ask your pharmacist or doctor for one. Never use teaspoons, tablespoons or other household spoons to measure medicine.

• Be sure to use a dosing tool that is just right to fit the dose you want to measure. The tool should not be too big, or too small. Using a dosing tool that is too big makes it easy to give too much medicine. Using a dosing tool that is too small means having to measure more than one time to give the right amount. This makes it easier to give the wrong amount.

• Medicine can be measured in different ways. You may see teaspoon (tsp), tablespoon (tbsp or TBSP), or milliliters (mL, ml, or mLs) on the dosing tool. It is easier to measure the right amount with a dosing tool that uses milliliters (mL).

• Look very carefully at how the dose amount is written. Be especially careful if you see a period (".") in the middle of the number. For example, "0.5 mL" is not the same as "5 mL". Mixing these up can mean giving 10 times more medicine than your child needs. Or it may mean giving your child 10 times less medicine.

• If you are not sure how much medicine to give your child, talk wiht your doctor or a pharmacist.

• Ask your doctor or pharmacist to show you how much medicine to give using the tool you plan to use at home.

• Tell your doctor or pharmacist how much you plan to give, or use your tool to point to how much you plan to give. Then ask if what you said is correct.

• Ask your doctor or pharmacist to write down the instructions on a piece of paper for you to take home.

• Ask the doctor or pharmacist to give you information in the language you prefer, if possible. Having an interpreter help give you instructions, and having information written down in the language you prefer, means that you will be less likely to make an error.

• Don't hesitate to ask questions. Many people feel confused by medicine instructions. If you are uncertain how to give your child a medicine, it is always better to ask questions than to give the medicine incorrectly.

• Keep your dosing tool with your medicine so that it is easy to remember to use them together. Keep them up and away, and out of sight of young children. That way they won't get into them when you are not watching.

Different ways of measuring medicine and what they mean

There are many ways to measure medicine; it is best to measure using milliliters instead of using teaspoons or tablespoons. Use a dosing tool that has markings with milliliters on it.

• 5 milliliters (mL) = 1 teaspoon (tsp)

• 15 milliliters = 3 teaspoons (tsp) = 1 tablespoon (Tbsp)
  

Remember: never use a kitchen spoon to measure out medicine. This is because kitchen spoons come in lots of different sizes. If you see instructions in teaspoons (tsp) or tablespoons (Tbsp), and you are confused, talk to your doctor or pharmacist.

When using medicine measuring cups:

• Be sure to use the cup that comes with the medicine. These often come over the lids of liquid cold and flu medicines. Don't mix and match cups to different medicines. You might end up giving the wrong amount.

• Don't just fill it up; look carefully at the lines and letters on the cup. Use the numbers to fill the cup to the right line. Ask your pharmacist or doctor to mark the right line for your child if you are not sure. Put the cup on a flat surface, like a table, to check if you have it filled to the right amount. Holding a cup tipped, or at an angle, can make you measure the wrong amount.

When using dosing spoons:

These work well for older children who can "drink" from the spoon. Use only the spoon that comes with the medicine. Be sure to use the lines and numbers to get the right amount for your child. Ask your pharmacist or doctor to mark the right line if you are not sure how much to give.

When using medicine droppers or syringes:

• 

  Don't just fill the dropper or syringe to the top. Read the directions carefully to see how much to give your child. Look at the numbers on the side of the dropper or syringe. Use the numbers to fill it to the right line. Or ask your pharmacist or doctor to mark the right line if you are not sure. (If the syringe has a cap, throw it away before you use it. The cap could choke your child.)

• Don't put the medicine in the back of the throat. Instead, squirt it gently between your child's tongue and the side of the mouth. This makes it easier to swallow.

• An oral syringe is usually the most accurate dosing tool to use. This is especially important when you are measuring an amount that is less than 5 mL. If your medicine does not come with an oral syringe, talk to your pharmacist or doctor to see if you should use one, and if they can give you one.

More information

• Medication Safety Tips
  

• Using Over-the-Counter Medicines With Your Child

• Acetaminophen Dosing Tables for Fever and Pain in Children

• Ibuprofen Dosing Table for Fever and Pain

• Diphenhydramine Dosing Table

• Fever and Pain Medicine: How Much To Give Your Child