By: Claire McCarthy, MD, FAAP & Jennifer Shu, MD, FAAP
Taking a baby on a plane makes many parents nervous. After all, infants and air travel don't always mix well! In fact, it can be hard on parents and passengers sitting next to a fussy, crying child.
But with a little planning, you can make flying easier for your child (and you). Here are answers to questions we often hear from parents who once loved air travel but fear they'll hate it now. Though things can go wrong, these tips can make the experience safer and comfier for everyone.
When is my child old enough for air travel?
Ideally, you will want to wait until your baby is
2 to 3 months old to fly. However, it's generally safe to fly when your newborn is at least 7 days old. Keep in mind that air travel (and being in crowded airports) can increase a newborn baby's risk of catching something. Whenever possible, delay travel for a few weeks to protect your infant from colds, flu and other diseases.
Should my baby sit on my lap during the flight?
The short answer is no. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) doesn't require a ticket for children under 2 years, which means the airline can't stop you from holding your baby in-flight. But, strong as most parents are, studies show they can't always keep a firm grip on their child when the plane rocks or shudders. In fact,
turbulence is the top cause of children's injuries on airplanes.
If you skip buying a ticket for your child, ask the airline if you can use an empty seat and u
install a car seat for your baby. If your carrier's "lap baby" policy allows this, consider days and times when air travel is lowest. This will boost your odds of finding an empty seat next to you.
The safest way for baby to fly
Protect your baby by using an FAA-approved
child safety restraint. This is a hard-backed car seat approved for air travel or a special harness approved by the FAA. BUT be sure that whatever you choose is approved for your child's age and size and has been approved for air travel. Look for a label stating: "This restraint is certified for use in motor vehicles and aircraft."
Since you will need to install the seat or restraint with the airplane's seat belt, board early, but only after the gate agent welcomes families onboard. Extra time will help you install the seat or restraint without blocking the aisle, which could delay other passengers from boarding.
How do I know which device is best?
Infants, toddlers, and young children should be buckled into a car safety seat according to the manufacturer's instructions for when to ride rear facing or forward facing, the same as they would in a car. If your child has outgrown the rear-facing weight or height limit for the seat, install it forward facing on the aircraft seat.
If you're using an FAA-approved harness designed for aircraft only, keep in mind that these are not for infants. You can safely use it if your child weighs between 22 to 44 pounds. Note that they're not safe for car or train travel—only flying.
Does our baby's car seat count as luggage?
Car seats, booster seats, and strollers generally aren't counted as luggage, but airline policies change often. (Be sure to check before booking your tickets.)
If you're not using your car seat to secure your baby during flight, you may be able to check it at the gate. This can prevent damage to the car seat and usually does not cost extra. (Again, check with the airline before you book your reservation just in case.)
Is my child's car seat approved for air travel?
Not all car seats are certified safe for use on airplanes. Look for a label that says:
"This restraint is certified for use in motor vehicles and aircraft." This lets you know that the seat has been tested and found safe for in-flight use.
Which seat on the plane is best for my baby?
- Look for rows with more space, like the large seat in the front row or near a side exit (often called the bulkhead).
- Avoid exit-row seats, where the airline expects you to open doors and help others in an emergency. (Your 1st priority will be carrying your child to safety.)
- Book a window seat if possible. Aisle seats can be risky for babies, especially while passengers are still boarding and when drinks and snacks are served. Hot drinks can spill and cause
burns, and little arms and legs might get in the way of passing carts. Little ones in aisle seats can get hurt when heavy items fall from overhead bins. Middle or window seats are a much safer choice for your child. The best place for a rear-facing child is the window seat, so the car safety seat does not block anyone's exit in case of an emergency.
- Seat your baby next to you. This online dashboard shows which airlines guarantee two seats together at no extra charge when one or more adults are traveling with a child under 13.
Is there a way my baby can lie down flat on long flights?
Buckling your baby into a car seat or safety restraint is always safest. However, there are other options available to help babies sleep comfortably, especially on long flights.
- Airline bassinets. Some airlines offer flat bassinets, or "sky cots," that attach to a bulkhead wall. These walls might be behind the plane's galley (flight kitchen), bathrooms or emergency exits. In some premium cabins, bassinets are built into the seat compartment in bulkhead rows. Most airlines that offer bassinets require babies to be under 6 months old or 20 pounds and not yet able to sit up on their own.
- Sleeper seat. For an added fee, some international airlines let you book 3 seats in a row with locking seat extensions. This creates a "sky couch" or sleeper-seat big enough for both parent and child. Some airlines also offer "lie-flat" and "flat-bed" seats. They may cost more, but the comfort might be well worth it!
- Inflatable seat extenders. Some airlines let you bring an inflatable seat extension for your baby to snooze on lying down. Not all airlines permit them, though, so check ahead of time. (Your child will need their own ticketed seat to use one.)
Note: For safety reasons, your baby will need to be buckled into a car seat or held on your lap during takeoff, turbulence and landing.
Safe sleep guidelines still matter when you're flying.
If your baby sleeps on your lap during the flight, stay awake and alert. Check on your baby often to make sure they can breathe easily and their face is uncovered.
If your baby sleeps in a bassinet during the flight, make sure the surface is firm and flat with no blankets, sheets, pillows or stuffed animals. Here's a refresher on
safe sleep practices for babies at home and on the road.
Can I get liquid formula or breast milk through security?
Yes, but only in line with the
reasonable quantities rule. This gives you an exemption from the
3-1-1 rule limiting liquids to 3.4 ounces (100 mL).
Pack formula, breast milk or water for mixing with powder separately and tell airport security employees that you have it. You can request to keep supplies away from x-ray machines, though this shouldn't cause a health problem for your baby.
How can I keep my baby comfortable and cheerful on the plane?
- Dress them in layers. The temperature in a plane can vary, especially if you are stuck waiting on a runway. When picking an outfit for the flight, choose outfits that make diaper changing in a small space easier. Pack a change of clothes (or even two) in case the plane rocks a little during diaper changes or feedings. Bring plastic bags for soiled diapers and clothing.
- Prepare for ear pain. Changes in air pressure during takeoff and landing can make your baby uncomfortable. If your child had ear surgery or an
ear infection in the 2 weeks before your trip, ask their doctor if it's OK to fly.
Having babies drink from the
breast or a bottle or suck on a pacifier during takeoff and landing can ease discomfort. If your child has a cold or ear infection, pain relievers made for infants might help. Follow dosage instructions carefully.
- Reduce
noise exposure. Airplane cabin noise reaches peak level during takeoff – and the racket might continue if you're next to the wings or in the back rows. Soft earplugs or noise-canceling earphones can reduce the load on your baby's delicate hearing system. (It may help them relax and sleep better, too.)
- Keep in mind that sleeping babies are easier for everyone. If possible, travel at a time when your baby naturally sleeps. Flight delays can wreck your strategy, but it's worth a try!
Don't give your baby Benadryl (diphenhydramine) without asking your doctor.
Many parents think diphenhydramine (Benadryl will make little ones calm and sleepy, so they'll be quiet during the flight. But this medication can have
serious side effects, especially if you give several doses on a long flight.
If your pediatrician feels it's OK to use Benadryl, ask about correct dosages and other safety tips. Consider trying it at home first to see how your child reacts. Some littles actually get more alert when they take Benadryl—not something you want to find out when you're already in the air!
- Change their diaper right before boarding the plane. A dry baby is a happy baby. Plan for delays and pack plenty of changing supplies! If your baby needs a fresh diaper in-flight, ask if the plane has a restroom changing table—or if there's an open area where you can spread out a little.
Some parents resort to diaper-changing on the closed toilet seat. If you try this, be sure to have a hand on your baby at all times. (Disposable changing pads will come in extra-handy during this maneuver.)
- Bring playthings. Pack some toys and books and be ready to
play with your baby the whole time. A
tablet with videos can be a good backup if other playthings aren't doing the job. (Even though we don't encourage screen time for
kids under 2, it
can be a lifesaver during air travel—and it won't do serious harm to your baby.)
- Don't let that side-eye get to you. No matter how carefully you plan, your baby might cry or fuss on the plane. Remind yourself you're doing the best you can and feel free to ignore the stares or comments of fellow passengers. If you stay calm, it will help your baby do the same. Remember that, for every person glaring at you, there are others who've flown with kids and have lots of sympathy for you.
- Ask for help. Arrange for the airline to help you make a connecting flight, if you have one. Dashing through the airport with loads of baby gear will boost everyone's stress, especially if you miss the flight!
What is the best time of day to fly with a baby?
This depends on your child's age and sleep habits. Infants under 2 months old may sleep more reliably at night than during naptime. If you and your baby can sleep on the plane, a late-night flight may be the way to go.
Does my baby need a passport if we're flying to other countries?
Yes! If you're flying internationally, your baby must have a valid passport. (But it might be the cutest travel keepsake ever.) Here's how to get one:
You will need to apply in person with your baby in tow, with a completed Form DS-11 in hand. Bring your baby's birth certificate and 2 printed copies of a picture taken in the last 6 months. Be sure the image shows your baby only – no one holding them or visible in the background.
If your baby can't safely sit up yet, lay them on their back on a plain white blanket or sheet to snap the image. (You can also cover a car seat with a blanket or sheet.)
Using a special app designed for infant passport photos can make the process faster and easier.
What ID does my baby need to fly in the U.S.?
When you fly within the United States with a baby, your child does not need to show ID at TSA checkpoints. This applies as long as they travel with an adult.
Your airline may still ask for proof of age, which could be a birth certificate or a passport. This usually happens when you use a lap‑infant or child fare. Check your airline's rules before your trip.
REAL ID rules do not apply to children under 18. Babies do not need a REAL ID for any domestic flights.
Remember
- There's no "perfect" when it comes to traveling with babies. Don't add to your stress by trying to plan everything just right! Do your best and forget the rest.
- Your baby will be safest in their own assigned, ticketed seat. It costs more, but it can make the difference between a safe flight and one that leads to injuries.
- Not all car seats are approved for air travel. Check ahead of time by looking at the label on your child's seat.
- Ask the airline for help at every step. Make a list of things you want to know ahead of time—for example, do they offer air bassinets? Does it cost more to check baby gear at the gate? Find out before you book. When you're on board, let the flight attendants lend a hand. Many are parents too and take pleasure in making your flight more comfortable.
More resources
About Dr. McCarthy
Claire McCarthy, MD, FAAPis a primary care pediatrician at Boston Children's Hospital, an Assistant Professor of Pediatrics at Harvard Medical School, a senior editor for Harvard Health Publications and an official spokesperson for the American Academy of Pediatrics. She writes about health and parenting for the
Harvard Health Blog and many other online and print publications. |
About Dr. Shu
Jennifer Shu, MD, FAAP,is a pediatrician and author based in Atlanta. She is passionate about educating patients and parents on all child health topics. Dr. Shu serves as medical editor of HealthyChildren.org and is the co-author of
Heading Home With Your Newborn: From Birth to Reality.
|