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Ages & Stages

Cesarean Section (C-Section): What to Expect

A newborn baby is cradled against a mother's chest in a hospital setting, surrounded by medical drapes and equipment. A newborn baby is cradled against a mother's chest in a hospital setting, surrounded by medical drapes and equipment.

There are many reasons why a baby might need to be born by Cesarean section (C-section). In a C-section, the doctor makes a cut in the belly and uterus to deliver the baby.

Here's what parents need to know about C-section births.

Why a C-section may be needed

Delivery by Cesarean section is more common if:

  • the birth mother had a previous C- section

  • the baby is in a breech (head-up) position

  • labor isn't progressing and the cervix isn't dilating enough

  • the doctor thinks a vaginal birth could harm the mother or baby

  • the baby's heart rate drops or shows signs of distress, and delivery needs to happen quickly

What happens during a Cesarean delivery?

The birth experience with a C-section is different from that of a vaginal delivery. For one thing, the whole operation ordinarily takes no more than an hour; depending on the circumstances, you may not experience labor at all.

Anesthesia & pain management during a C-section

Another difference is that medication may be needed to numb the spinal nerves of the mother from the waist down prior to surgery. Rarely, general anesthesia may need to be used. In some cases, these medications may slightly affect mom and baby, but your obstetrician and anesthesiologist can discuss this all with you.

Skin-to-skin care, breastfeeding & bonding after a C-section

Even with a C- section delivery, you can still hold your baby close right away as long as the baby are healthy and stable. Immediate skin-to-skin contact is recommended because it can help with bonding and make breastfeeding easier.

More resources

Last Updated
12/4/2025
Source
Adapted from Caring for Your Baby and Young Child: Birth to Age Five 8th edition (Copyright © 2024 American Academy of Pediatrics)
The information contained on this Web site should not be used as a substitute for the medical care and advice of your pediatrician. There may be variations in treatment that your pediatrician may recommend based on individual facts and circumstances.
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