Skip Ribbon Commands
Skip to main content
 
select new symptom

Arm Injury

Definition

  • Injuries to the arm (shoulder to hand)
  • Injuries to a bone, muscle, joint or ligament
  • Excluded: muscle pain caused by too much exercise or work (overuse). Covered in Arm Pain.
  • Excluded: finger injury only. See that care guide.

Types of Arm Injuries

  • Fractures are broken bones. A broken collarbone is the most common broken bone in children. It's easy to notice because the collar bone is tender to touch. Also, the child cannot raise the arm upward.
  • Dislocations happen when a bone is pulled out of a joint. A dislocated elbow is the most common type of this injury in kids. It's caused by an adult quickly lifting a child by the wrist or hand. It can also be caused by suddenly pulling a child toward you. Mainly seen in 1 to 4 year olds. It's also easy to spot. The child will hold his arm as if it were in a sling. He will keep the elbow bent and the palm of the hand down.
  • Sprains are stretches and tears of ligaments.
  • Strains are stretches and tears of muscles (such as a pulled muscle).
  • Muscle Overuse. Muscle pain can occur without an injury. There is no fall or direct blow. Muscle overuse is from hard work or sports (such as a sore shoulder).
  • Muscle bruise from a direct blow
  • Bone bruise from a direct blow
  • Skin Injury. Examples are a cut, scratch, scrape or bruise. All are common with arm injuries.

Pain Scale

  • Mild: your child feels pain and tells you about it. But, the pain does not keep your child from any normal activities. School, play and sleep are not changed.
  • Moderate: the pain keeps your child from doing some normal activities. It may wake him or her up from sleep.
  • Severe: the pain is very bad. It keeps your child from doing all normal activities.

When To Call

Call 911 Now

  • Serious injury with many broken bones
  • Major bleeding that can't be stopped
  • Bone is sticking through the skin
  • You think your child has a life-threatening emergency

Go to ER Now

  • Can't move the shoulder, elbow or wrist at all
  • Looks like a broken bone (crooked or deformed)
  • Looks like a dislocated joint
  • Large deep cut that will need many stitches

Call Doctor or Seek Care Now

  • Can't move the shoulder, elbow or wrist normally
  • Collarbone is painful and can't raise arm over head
  • Can't open and close the hand normally
  • Skin is split open or gaping and may need stitches
  • Cut over knuckle of hand
  • Age less than 1 year old
  • Cut or scrape and no past tetanus shots. Note: tetanus is the "T" in DTaP, TdaP, or Td vaccines.
  • Severe pain and not better 2 hours after taking pain medicine
  • You think your child has a serious injury
  • You think your child needs to be seen, and the problem is urgent

Contact Doctor Within 24 Hours

  • Very large bruise or swelling
  • Pain not better after 3 days
  • Dirty cut or hard to clean and no tetanus shot in more than 5 years
  • Clean cut and no tetanus shot in more than 10 years
  • You think your child needs to be seen, but the problem is not urgent

Contact Doctor During Office Hours

  • Injury limits sports or school work
  • Pain lasts more than 2 weeks
  • You have other questions or concerns

Self Care at Home

  • Bruised muscle or bone from direct blow
  • Pain in muscle from minor pulled muscle
  • Pain around joint from minor stretched ligament
  • Minor cut or scrape

Care Advice

What You Should Know About Minor Arm Injuries:

  • During sports, muscles and bones get bruised.
  • Muscles get stretched.
  • Here is some care advice that should help.

Pain Medicine:

  • To help with the pain, give an acetaminophen product (such as Tylenol).
  • Another choice is an ibuprofen product (such as Advil). Ibuprofen works well for this type of pain.
  • Use as needed.

Small Cut or Scrape Treatment:

  • Use direct pressure to stop any bleeding. Do this for 10 minutes or until bleeding stops.
  • Wash the wound with soap and water for 5 minutes. Try to rinse the cut under running water.
  • Gently scrub out any dirt with a washcloth.
  • Use an antibiotic ointment (such as Polysporin). No prescription is needed. Then, cover it with a bandage. Change daily.

Cold Pack for Pain:

  • For pain or swelling, use a cold pack. You can also use ice wrapped in a wet cloth.
  • Put it on the sore muscles for 20 minutes.
  • Repeat 4 times on the first day, then as needed.
  • Reason: helps the pain and helps stop any bleeding.
  • Caution: avoid frostbite.

Use Heat After 48 Hours:

  • If pain lasts over 2 days, put heat on the sore muscle.
  • Use a heat pack, heating pad or warm wet washcloth.
  • Do this for 10 minutes, then as needed.
  • Reason: increase blood flow and improve healing.
  • Caution: avoid burns.

Rest the Arm:

  • Rest the injured arm as much as possible for 48 hours.

What to Expect:

  • Pain and swelling most often peak on day 2 or 3.
  • Swelling should be gone by 7 days.
  • Pain may take 2 weeks to fully go away.

Call Your Doctor If:

  • Pain becomes severe
  • Pain is not better after 3 days
  • Pain lasts more than 2 weeks
  • You think your child needs to be seen
  • Your child becomes worse

undefined

Photos

FIRST AID Advice - Arm Injury - How to Put on a Sling

To put on a sling you first need to have a triangle-shaped bandage. Many first aid kits have a triangle bandage.

  • Find the two ends of the triangle that are farthest apart. These are the ends that you will tie around the neck.
  • Lay the arm down the middle of the triangle.
  • Take the two ends of the triangle that are farthest apart and tie them behind the neck (a square knot is best, but any knot will do).
  • Make sure the wrist is at a level higher than the heart.

Source: Self Care Decisions, LLC
Used with Permission from Schmitt Pediatric Guidelines LLC.

FIRST AID Advice - Bleeding Wound of the Arm

  • Apply direct pressure to the entire wound with a sterile gauze dressing or a clean cloth. Once the bleeding has stopped, cover with an adhesive bandage or gauze.

Source: Self Care Decisions, LLC
Used with Permission from Schmitt Pediatric Guidelines LLC.

FIRST AID Advice - Splint for Wrist Fracture or Dislocation

  • Keep the hand and wrist from moving by placing them on a rigid splint (see drawing).
  • Tie several cloth strips around hand/wrist to keep the splint in place. You can use a roll of gauze or tape instead of cloth strips.

Notes:

  • You can make a splint from: a wooden board, magazine folded in half, folded-up newspaper, cardboard, or a pillow.
  • If you have no splinting materials, then support the injured arm by resting it on a pillow or folded up blanket.
  • After putting on the splint, apply a cold pack or an ice pack (wrapped in a towel) to the area.

Source: Self Care Decisions, LLC
Used with Permission from Schmitt Pediatric Guidelines LLC.

Barton Schmitt MD, FAAP
Disclaimer: this health information is for educational purposes only. You, the reader, assume full responsibility for how you choose to use it.
select new symptom
Follow Us